PHRASE

PHRASE

Phrase হচ্ছে একাধিক শব্দের সমষ্টি যাতে কখনো কোন finite verb থাকেনা। এরা আলাদাভাবে কোন পূর্ণাঙ্গ বাক্য গঠন করতে পারে না, কিন্তু বাক্যের  জায়গায় বসে একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ বাক্য গঠন করতে সাহায্য করে।

A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. A phrase never includes a finite verb. It may include a headword.

Example:

o       Birds fly in the sky at large.

o       I’m in a fix what to do.

o       Never tell a lie.

The words ‘at large, in a fix, tell a lie’ don’t have any subject and finite verb to express the full meaning of the sentence. But, when these are used in a sentence, they help to make a proper meaning of the sentence.

ব্র্যাকেটে (at large, in a fix, tell a lie) উল্লেখিত শব্দ গুলোর নিজস্ব কোন subject অথবা finite verb নেই, তাই তারা আলাদাভাবে কোন অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারেনা।  কিন্তু বিভিন্ন বাক্যের সাথে বসে সেই বাক্যের পূর্ণাঙ্গ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে সাহায্য করে।

Types of phrases: There are nine types of phrases. These are:

•        Noun phrase

o       Appositive phrase

o       Gerund Phrase

•        Infinitive phrase

•        Prepositional phrase

•        Adjective phrase

•        Adverb phrase

•        Verb phrase

•        Conjunctional phrase

•        Interjectional phrase

•        Participial Phrase

•        Absolute phrase

Noun phrase:

যে সকল phrase, noun এর কাজ করে এবং অন্যান্য noun কে modify করে অথবা নিজেই modified হয় তাদেরকে  noun phrase বলে।

Noun phrase has a noun and modifiers are needed to modify the noun.

The three types of noun phrase are:

i. Appositive phrase:

It renames another noun in the sentence.

যে noun phrase অন্য একটি noun সম্মন্ধে comma ব্যবহার করে নতুন তথ্য যোগ করে তাকে appositive বলে।

Example:

·                    Nurul Islam, my favorite English teacher, is doing this assignment for me.

ii. Gerund phrase:

Gerund phrase starts with a gerund.

Gerund (verb + ing) দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া phrase কে gerund phrase বলে। 

Example:

·                    The ringing of the phone during the prayers in the mosque disturbs me much.

ii. Infinitive phrase:

It has an infinitive (to +the present form of the verb) and modifiers linked to the infinitive.

Infinitive (to+verb) দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া phrase কে infinitive phrase বলে। 

Example:

·                    I like to take a cup of tea in the morning.

Prepositional phrase:

Preposition দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া সব phrase কেই prepositional phrase বলা হয়।

A prepositional phrase includes a preposition and a noun and may act as an adjective or adverb.

Example:

o       He was laughing at the poor.

o       He put the book on the table.

Adjective phrase:

যেসকল phrase বাক্যে adjective এর মত কাজ করে তাদেরকে adjective phrase বলে।

Adjective phrase acts as an adjective in the sentence and modifies the nouns or pronouns.

Example:

o       The man in the field is my uncle.

o       The boy on the rooftop is my brother.

Adverb phrase:

যেসকল phrase বাক্যে adverb এর মতো কাজ করে তাদেরকে adverb phrase বলে।

It acts as an adverb in the sentence and modifies the verb or adverb.

Example:

o       The boy stood beside the girl.

o       He attached the CV along with a photograph.

Verb phrase:

Verb Phrase বাক্যে finite verb এর কাজ করে। সাধারণত দুই/তিন শব্দ বিশিষ্ট verb কে verb phrase বলা হয়, কিন্তু তারা আসলে verb ই।

A verb phrase is the set of main verbs and an auxiliary verb in the sentence.

Example:

o       She is singing a song.

o       He should do the assignment on

o       They are doing fun in the classroom.

Conjunctional phrase:

বাক্যে conjunction এর কাজ করে যেসকল শব্দসমষ্টি তাদেরকে Conjunctional Phrase বলে।

Conjunctional phrase acts as a conjunction in the sentence.

Example:

o       Come here as early as you can.

o       He is not only good looking but also smart.

 Interjectional phrase:

যে phrase বাক্যে interjection এর মত কাজ করে তাকে interjectional phrase বলে।

The phrase that acts like an interjection is called an interjectional phrase.

Example:

o       Alas! he died.

o       Ah! what a beautiful scenery!

Participial phrase:

একটি present বা past participle দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া phrase কে Participial Phrase বলে।

The participial phrase has a present or past participle as a headword.

Example:

·                    Coming to the school, I came to know the matter.

Absolute Phrase:

সাধারনত absolute phrase এর একটি subject থাকে কিন্তু কোন finite verb থাকে না। এটি সম্পূর্ণ sentence টিকে মূল্যায়ন করে, শুধু  একটি noun কেনয়।

Absolute Phrase has a subject having no acting verb and modifies the whole sentence, not just the noun.

Example:

o       Her arrival for the first time, we all became very happy.

How Phrases differ from clauses :

Difference Phrases   &  Clauses

Definition   A phrase refers to a group or a set of words in a sentence or clause having no subject and a finite verb. It varies a lot in length, but never includes the subject and finite verb. It includes a headword.